Refugee Status and Subsidiary Protection

Refugee status and subsidiary protection are the two forms of international protection offered by Lithuania to individuals fleeing danger in their home countries. While both grant you the legal right to live and work in Lithuania, Refugee Status is for those facing targeted persecution based on who they are or what they believe, while Subsidiary Protection is for those fleeing general violence or systemic human rights abuses.

Lithuania operates under strict border security measures. If you are seeking protection, you must apply immediately upon entering the country. Under current laws (2024–2026), attempting to enter through non-designated border points during a state of emergency may result in a refusal of entry, regardless of your intent to seek asylum.

The Lithuanian asylum system is currently transitioning to meet the requirements of the EU Pact on Migration and Asylum, which must be fully implemented by June 12, 2026.

• Instrumentalization Laws: Lithuania has codified laws that allow border guards to prevent entry to those attempting to cross from Belarus at non-official points. To ensure your right to seek asylum is recognized, you should present yourself at an official Border Crossing Point.
• Institutional Shift: As of 2025, the Reception and Integration Agency manages the transition for successful applicants, focusing on immediate labor market entry and Lithuanian language acquisition.

Once you are granted Refugee Status or Subsidiary Protection, you are issued a residence permit and gain specific legal rights in Lithuania.

• Right to Stay: Refugees receive a Permanent Residence Permit (usually valid for 5 years). Those with Subsidiary Protection receive a Temporary Residence Permit (valid for 2 years). Both are renewable if the danger in your home country persists.
• Right to Work: You have the immediate right to work for any employer in Lithuania or to be self-employed without needing a separate work permit.
• Travel Rights: Refugees can apply for a Refugee Travel Document (1951 Convention). Those with Subsidiary Protection can apply for an Alien’s Passport if they cannot safely obtain a passport from their home country.
• Family Reunification: You have the right to apply for your spouse and minor children to join you in Lithuania.
• Social Services: You are entitled to the same social benefits as Lithuanian citizens, including healthcare, education, and social security.
• Integration Support: You have access to a state-funded integration program, which includes Lithuanian language courses, vocational training, and a one-time settlement allowance.
• Path to Citizenship: Time spent living in Lithuania under refugee status counts toward the residency requirement for Lithuanian Citizenship (typically 10 years of continuous legal residence).